A Hybrid Elastic Model allowing Real - Time Cutting , Deformations and Force - Feedback for Surgery Training

We propose three diierent physical models based on linear elasticity theory and nite-elements modeling that are well-suited for surgery simulation. The rst model combines pre-computed deformations to deform in real-time large size meshes but does not allow any topo-logical changes to the mesh. The second model is similar to the spring-mass models where volumetric deformations and cutting operations can be simulated on small size meshes in real-time. Finally, we have developped a third method combining the previous two solutions into a hybrid model thus allowing the simulation of deformations and cutting on complex anatomical structures.